The violence broke out on Friday night after police fired tear gas to disperse Syrian refugees, who held a peaceful protest against poor living conditions and the regulations prohibiting them from leaving the camp.
Police sources said two officers were in critical conditions.
Around 160,000 refugees are living in the overcrowded Zaatari camp, which is situated in north of Jordan, on the border with Syria.
Opened in last July, the camp has experienced several incidents of rioting over deteriorating living conditions there.
Jordan, which is home to more than 500,000 Syrian refugees, has warned that the unrest in Syria was a threat to its security.
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees expects the number to Syrian refugees in Jordan to grow to 1.2 million by the end of this year.
Syria has been gripped by a deadly unrest since March 2011, and many people, including large numbers of government forces, have been killed in the violence.
Damascus says the chaos is being orchestrated from outside the country, and there are reports that a very large number of the militants are foreign nationals.
The Syrian government says the West and its regional allies including Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey are supporting the militants.
Several international human rights organizations have accused militants operating in Syria of committing war crimes.
